• GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) show potential in reducing cravings and consumption of addictive substances by affecting dopamine release in the brain.
• While initial studies and anecdotal evidence are encouraging, experts caution that more research is needed to determine the safety, efficacy, and appropriate use of GLP-1 RAs for addiction treatment.
• Existing, proven addiction treatments like naltrexone, buprenorphine and nicotine replacement therapy remain underutilized and should be prioritized alongside exploration of new therapies.

The potential of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), like semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and liraglutide, in treating substance use disorders (SUD) is being explored. These medications, initially developed for obesity and Type 2 diabetes, may reduce cravings for addictive substances by modulating dopamine release in the brain's reward centers. Research suggests potential benefits for alcohol, nicotine, and opioid addiction, but experts urge caution, emphasizing the need for further rigorous clinical trials to confirm their safety and efficacy for addiction treatment.

• What: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), initially for diabetes and obesity, are being investigated for their potential to reduce cravings and consumption of addictive substances, including alcohol, nicotine, and opioids.
• Who: Key individuals include researchers like Joji Suzuki, Michael Weaver, Stephanie Weiss, and Luba Yammine. Organizations involved are the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and various universities and treatment centers.
• When: Research and clinical trials are ongoing as of 2025. Exenatide was the first FDA-approved GLP-1 analog in 2005. Semaglutide was approved in 2017, and Tirzepatide in 2022.
• Where: Research is being conducted at various locations, including Brigham and Women’s Hospital, UTHealth Houston, and NIDA-funded clinical trial sites.

The potential of GLP-1 RAs in addiction treatment is an exciting development, but it's crucial to approach it with caution. While the mechanism of action, involving dopamine modulation, is promising, the current evidence is preliminary. Experts emphasize the importance of rigorous clinical trials to determine safety, efficacy, optimal dosage, and long-term effects. Ethical considerations, such as equitable access and potential mental health risks, also need careful attention. Prioritizing existing, evidence-based addiction treatments remains crucial while further research on GLP-1 RAs progresses.

What we’ve found is the medications can reduce [substance] cravings and ‘turn down the noise,’ allowing our patients to better engage in treatment and build their recovery toolbox, while dealing with underlying issues and comorbid conditions.

For the first time in a long time, we actually have the possibility for a whole new class of medications our patients [with addiction] might benefit from.

Let’s not all just jump on the bandwagon. Results from clinical trials are years away.

GLP-1 receptor agonists represent a potentially innovative approach to addiction treatment by targeting cravings and reducing substance consumption. However, current evidence is preliminary, and more research is essential to establish their safety and effectiveness. While awaiting further data, it's crucial to continue utilizing and expanding access to existing, proven addiction treatments. A balanced and evidence-based approach is necessary to responsibly explore the potential of GLP-1 RAs in addressing the complex challenges of addiction.