• Genetics account for about 25% of the variation in when babies start walking, with genes influencing brain structure, ADHD risk, and educational attainment.
• The study identified 11 genetic markers linked to the timing of first steps.
• Later walking, within the typical range (8-24 months), is genetically linked to a lower risk of ADHD and potentially higher educational attainment.

A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour has shed light on the genetic factors that influence the timing of a baby's first steps. Analyzing data from over 70,000 infants, researchers identified 11 genetic markers associated with walking onset. These genes are expressed in the brain and influence the size of motor regions and folding of the cortex. The research also revealed connections between walking onset and other developmental outcomes, such as ADHD risk and educational success. This suggests that the timing of this milestone is not solely determined by environmental factors but also has a significant genetic component.

• What: A genome-wide association study identified 11 genetic loci influencing the age at which infants begin to walk independently. These genes also affect brain development, ADHD risk, and educational attainment.
• Who: Researchers from the University of Surrey, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Birkbeck, University of London, and other institutions collaborated on the study. Key individuals include Professor Angelica Ronald and Dr. Anna Gui.
• When: The study was published in Nature Human Behaviour on May 7, 2025 (according to Psychology Today) or May 8, 2025 (according to Neuroscience News). The data analyzed spanned infancy.
• Where: The research involved data from over 70,000 infants primarily of European ancestry, gathered from cohorts in the UK, Netherlands, and Norway.

The study's findings challenge the traditional emphasis on environmental factors in motor development, highlighting the significant role of genetics. The identified genetic markers offer potential targets for future research into the biological mechanisms underlying walking onset and motor disorders. The correlation between later walking (within the typical range) and reduced ADHD risk, along with increased educational attainment, suggests complex interplay between motor development and other cognitive and behavioral traits. It is important to note that while genetics play a role, environmental factors like nutrition and opportunities for practice remain vital for motor development.

Most babies take their first step sometime between ages 8 months and 24 months, so it is a wide window in which this exciting milestone happens. It is a big moment for both parents and baby; it symbolises a new phase in a child’s life.

Until now, we didn’t understand what causes the wide differences between children in when they take their first step. Parents might often worry that walking early or late is a bad sign or that they have done something wrong. We see that genetics play a considerable role in influencing the timing of this milestone.

It is exciting to be able to discover the genes that influence when children learn to walk. Starting to walk independently is a major milestone for young children. We hope these new genetic findings can advance fundamental understanding about the causes of walking and be used to better support children with motor disorders and learning disabilities.

This research provides valuable insights into the genetic underpinnings of a key developmental milestone. The identification of 11 genetic markers and their connections to brain development, ADHD risk, and educational attainment contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing walking onset. While genetics play a significant role, environmental factors remain crucial. Future research should focus on further elucidating the biological mechanisms involved and exploring how genes and environment interact to shape motor development and later life outcomes. Parents should consult pediatricians with concerns, but remember that wide variations are normal.